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The Social Democratic Front ((フランス語:Front Social-Démocratique)) is the main opposition party of Cameroon. It is led by Ni John Fru Ndi and receives significant support from the Anglophone regions of the western part of the country. The SDF was launched in Bamenda on May 26, 1990 in opposition to the ruling Cameroon People's Democratic Movement; following the launching rally, six people were killed by security forces. The party held its Constitutive Assembly on February 3, 1991 and elected its National Executive Committee.〔("Significant Events in the Life of the Social Democratic Front" ), SDF website.〕 The party refused to sign the Tripartite Declaration of November 1991, and it chose to boycott the March 1992 parliamentary election, along with the Democratic Union of Cameroon, due to the government's failure to meet opposition demands, which included the establishment of an independent electoral commission to oversee the election.〔Victor Julius Ngoh, "Biya and the Transition to Democracy", ''The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya'' (2004), ed. John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, page 440.〕 However, the party announced at its May 1992 national convention that it would take part in the presidential election later that year.〔Charles Manga Fombad and Jonie Banyong Fonyam, "The Social Democratic Front, the Opposition, and the Political Transition in Cameroon", ''The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya'', page 469.〕 Fru Ndi, the SDF candidate in the October 1992 presidential election, received about 36% of the vote against about 40% for incumbent President Paul Biya, according to official results.〔John Mukum Mbaku, "Decolonization, Reunification and Federation in Cameroon", in ''The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya'' (2004), ed. John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, page 34.〕 The SDF believes he was denied victory "at gunpoint". He has now been largely criticized in the national press for moving residence to Yaoundé. The SDF won 43 seats in the National Assembly in the May 1997 parliamentary election,〔〔("Cameroon: IRIN-WA Special Briefing on Presidential Elections" ), October 11, 1997.〕〔(1997 election results ).〕 receiving its best results in Northwest Province, where it won 19 out of 20 seats; it also won a majority of seats in West Province, with 15 out of 25.〔 It chose to boycott the October 1997 presidential election, along with the National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP) and the Cameroon Democratic Union (UDC).〔 In the June 2002 parliamentary election, the SDF won 22 seats;〔(IPU PARLINE page for the 2002 election ).〕〔("Cameroun: l'écrasante victoire du parti de Biya aux législatives confirmée" ), AFP (''Jeuneafrique.com''), August 10, 2007 .〕〔("Législatives partielles: le parti au pouvoir remporte 16 des 17 sièges" ), AFP (Cameroon-info.net), September 27, 2002 .〕〔(2002 election results ).〕 it won one of these seats in a revote held for some constituencies on 15 September.〔 Although the party lost nearly half its seats in the 2002 election, it still dominated in Northwest Province, where it again won 19 out of 20 seats.〔 In the presidential election held on 11 October 2004, Fru Ndi stood again as the SDF candidate and won 17.4% of the vote according to official results, far behind Biya.〔Sylvestre Tetchiada, ("Cameroon: Another seven years for the "absentee captain"" ), Inter Press Service (afrika.no), October 27, 2004.〕 In the July 2007 parliamentary election, the SDF won 14 out of the 163 initially declared seats,〔 and it won a further two seats (out of 17 at stake) in constituencies where the election was held over again in September, thus winning a total of 16 out of 180 seats.〔("Les résulats des législatives partielles proclamés par la Cour suprême" ), Xinhua (Jeuneafrique.com), October 15, 2007 .〕 These additional seats were crucial, because the SDF could not form a parliamentary group unless it had at least 15 seats.〔("Cameroon: Leading opposition party banks on by-elections to form parliamentary group" ), African Press Agency, September 17, 2007.〕 The party's electoral success remained largely confined to the Northwest Province, where it again won a majority of seats, with 11 out of 20.〔("Legislatives 2007: Les résultats de la Cour suprême" ), ''Mutations'' (Cameroon-info.net), August 13, 2007 .〕 The SDF strongly opposed a constitutional amendment allowing Biya to run for president again in 2011. Its deputies boycotted the April 2008 parliamentary vote in which the amendment was approved, and it subsequently called for a "day of mourning" in which people were to wear black and stay home.〔("Protests against Cameroon's Biya" ), BBC News, April 21, 2008.〕 One key alliance is between the SDF and the female Takembeng mobilizations. These women provide protection for SDF officials and a key presence at SDF demonstrations. The party is a full member of the Socialist International〔(List of Socialist International parties ).〕 and Progressive Alliance.〔http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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